Only City With Most Nobel | Nobel Prize Winners of India
Only City With Most Nobel | Nobel Prize Winners of India
Alfred Nobel
Mr. Alfred Nobel was a Swedish businessman, chemist, engineer, inventor, and philanthropist.
As a child, Nobel worked at his father's arms factory. After an explosion killed his younger brother in 1864, Nobel began looking for a safer alternative to black powder, the common substance for explosives at the particular time. Initially using nitroglycerin and other unconventional substances, he eventually came up with the combination of nitroglycerin, powdered clay, and stabilizers to form his new creation - Dynamite.
After Nobel patented his invention in 1867, it was an immediate success due to its ability to create a safer, more controlled explosion.
However, in 1888, Nobel was criticized by a French newspaper, which published a scathing article about his invention of dynamite and the violence it was capable of causing.
The criticism deeply affected Nobel, making him concerned about how he might be viewed and portrayed after his death. In his last will and testament, he set aside a significant portion of his estate that would eventually be used to set up the Nobel Prizes, which should always be awarded annually to someone based on their outstanding achievements, regardless of their background.
Nobel's will specified that annual prizes are to be awarded for service to humanity in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. in Stockholm, Sweden. Similarly, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is awarded along with the Nobel Prizes From the year 1901,
First instituted in 1901, more than 904 individuals (852 men and 52 women) and 24 organizations were awarded the Nobel Prize between 1901 and 2019.
So friends let me welcome with this video to show you our 6 Nobel laureates,
1. Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore, a Bengali poet, known by Gurudev, Kabiguru, and Biswakabi, was a polymath, poet, musician, and artist from the Indian subcontinent . He became the first non-European to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Gurudev was born on 7th May 1861 in the Jorasanko mansion in Calcutta. His father was Debendranath Tagore and mother was Sarada Devi.
Kabiguru Rabindranath’s traditional education began in Brighton, England, at a public school. I am feeling extremely privileged to say that, I have visited this place. He was sent to England in the year 1878 as his father wanted him to become a barrister.
In 1891 Tagore went to Shilaidah ,East Bengal and there he often stayed in a houseboat on the Padma River in close contact with village folk, and his sympathy for them became the keynote of much of his later writing.
Rabindranath’s father had bought a huge stretch of land in Santiniketan. With an idea of establishing an experimental school in his father’s property, he shifted base to Santiniketan in 1901 and founded an ashram there. I am feeling blessed to say that, I can connect with this place as my wife Debotri belongs to shantiniketan.
Rabindranath Tagore believed in the concept of one world, he set out on a world tour, in countries like the United States, Japan, Mexico, Singapore and Rome, where he met national leaders and important personalities including the likes of Einstein and Mussolini. In 1927,
He settled permanently at the school, which became Visva-Bharati University in 1921. Though he dad written thousands of poems, songs, short stories, acts but the years of sadness arising from the deaths of his wife and two children between 1902 and 1907 are reflected in his later poetry, which was introduced to the West in Gitanjali (Song Offerings) (1912). This book, containing Tagore’s English prose translations of religious poems from several of his Bengali verse collections, including Gitanjali (1910), was hailed by W.B. Yeats and André Gide and won him the Nobel Prize in 1913.
2. C V Raman
Have you wondered why the sky and ocean are blue?
Its Sir Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman, who has given answer to this. The Indian physicist who carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering, which earned him Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 and was the first person in Asia to obtain this in the field of science.
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born on November 7, 1888 in the city of Tiruchirappalli, Tamulnadu Raman’s father was Chandrasekaran Ramanathan Iyer, His mother was Parvathi Ammal,
In the year 1904 he obtained a BA degree from the University of Madras, with gold medal in Physics. In 1907 he completed an MSc degree with highest distinction. In 1917 he was offered the Palit Chair of Physics at Calcutta University. After 15 years at Calcutta he became Professor at the Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore. He was Director of the Raman Institute of Research at Bangalore and founded the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926.
He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes wavelength and amplitude. He discovered that when light interacts with a molecule the light can donate a small amount of energy to the molecule. As a result of this, the light changes its color and the molecule vibrates. This phenomenon, subsequently known as Raman scattering, results from the Raman effect.
The field of Raman spectroscopy came to be based on this phenomenon, and Ernest Rutherford referred this to the Royal Society, London in 1929. in the year 1954, the Indian government honoured him with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.
3. Ronald Ross
Sir Ronald Ross was a British medical doctor who received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1902 for his work on the transmission of malaria. He is the first British Nobel laureate, and the first born outside Europe. His discovery of the malarial parasite in the gastrointestinal tract of a mosquito in 1897 proved that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes, He was a polymath, writing a number of poems, published several novels, and composed songs. He was also an amateur artist and natural mathematician.
Ronald Ross was born in Almora, India, Nepal. His father was Sir Campbell Claye Grant Ross, General in the British Indian Army, and mother was Matilda Charlotte Elderton.
In September 1897, Ross was transferred to Bombay he was frustrated for lack of work he threatened to resign from service. The government arranged for his continued service in Calcutta on a "special duty”. On 17 February 1898 he arrived in Calcutta to work in the Presidency General Hospital. He immediately carried out research in malaria and kala azar, for which he was assigned.
Ronald Ross was awarded a Nobel Prize for his discovery of the life cycle of malarial parasite in birds. He did not build his concept of malarial transmission in humans, but in birds.[2] Ross was the first to show that malarial parasite was transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes, in his case the avian Plasmodium relictum.
Ronald Ross was known to be selfcentric and egocentric, described as an "impulsive man". His professional life appeared to be in constant feud with his students, colleagues and fellow scientists. Ross was frequently embittered by lack of government support for scientists in medical research. Inspire of all controversies, Sir Ronald Ross is one of 23 names to feature on the frieze of London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, pioneers chosen for their contributions to public health.
4. Mother Teresa
Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu, commonly known as Mother Teresa
She was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary.She was born in Skopje , North Macedonia). After living in Skopje for eighteen years, she moved to Ireland and then to India, where she lived for most of her life.
Teresa received a number of honours, including the 1962 Ramon Magsaysay Peace Prize and 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. She was canonised on 4 September 2016
In 1950, Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, that had over 4,500 nuns and was active in 133 countries in 2012. This NGO manages homes for people who are dying of HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis. It also runs soup kitchens, dispensaries, mobile clinics, children's and family counselling programmes, as well as orphanages and schools.
On 10 September 1946, Teresa experienced what she later described as "the call within the call" when she travelled by train to the Loreto convent in Darjeeling from Calcutta for her annual retreat.
She began missionary work with the poor in 1948, replacing her traditional Loreto habit with a simple, white cotton sari with a blue border. Teresa adopted Indian citizenship, spent several months in Patna to receive basic medical training at Holy Family Hospital and ventured into the slums. She founded a school in Motijhil, Kolkata, before she began tending to the poor and hungry.
She Was Fluent in five languages Bengali, Albanian, Serbian, English and Hindi
Teresa said, "By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus.’’
5. Amartya Sen
Amartya Kumar Sen is an Indian economist and philosopher. who has taught and worked in the United Kingdom and the United States since 1972. Sen has made contributions to welfare economics, social choice theory, economic and social justice and bagged Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, 1998.
Amartya Sen was born in a Bengali Hindu Baidya family in Bengal, British India, in Rabindranath Tagore's university Shantiniketan, modern day West Bengal, India on 3 November 1933.
Rabindranath Tagore gave Amartya Sen his name . The lit. Meaning is "immortal". Sen's family was from Wari and Manikganj, Dhaka, His father Ashutosh Sen was Professor of Chemistry at Dhaka University, He moved with his family to West Bengal in 1945. Sen's mother Amita Sen was the daughter of Kshiti Mohan Sen, the eminent Sanskritist and scholar of ancient India, who was a close associate of Rabindranath Tagore.
Sen's work on 'Choice of Techniques' complemented that of Maurice Dobb. In a Developing country, the Dobb-Sen strategy relied on maximising investible surpluses, maintaining constant real wages and using the entire increase in labour productivity, due to technological change, to raise the rate of accumulation.
In addition to his important work on the causes of famines, Sen's work in the field of development economics has had considerable influence in the formulation of the "Human Development Report",published by the United Nations Development Programme.
Sen has received over 90 honorary degrees from universities around the world.In 2019, London School of Economics announced the creation of the Amartya Sen Chair in Inequality Studies.
6. Abhijit Banerjee
Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee is an Indian-American economist, who is the Ford Foundation International Professor of Economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Banerjee shared the 2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”. He, along with his wife Esther Duflo, are the sixth married couple to jointly win a Nobel Prize.
Banerjee is a co-founder of Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab. He is a research affiliate of Innovations for Poverty Action Banerjee was a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research,
He is the co-author of Poor Economics. He also serves on the academic advisory board of Plaksha University, His new book, co-authored with Esther Duflo, Good Economics for Hard Times, was released in October 2019 in India.
Banerjee was born in Mumbai, India, to Nirmala Banerjee , a professor of economics at the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, and Dipak Banerjee, a Bengali professor and the head of the Department of Economics at Presidency College, Calcutta.
His work focuses on development economics. Together with Esther Duflo he has discussed field experiments as an important methodology to discover causal relationships in economics. In 2012, he shared the Gerald Loeb Award Honorable Mention for Business Book with co-author Esther Duflo for their book Poor Economics.
In 2019, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics, together with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer, for their work alleviating global poverty.
Information Courtesy:
Image Courtesy:
By Kris Krüg - originally posted to Flickr as Esther Duflo - Pop!Tech 2009 - Camden, ME, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9086819
By Financial Times - Flickr: FT Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award 2011, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17422819
By Financial Times - Flickr: FT Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year Award 2011, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=83082331
By Richard Behar - Richard Behar, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
By Kingkongphoto & www.celebrity-photos.com from Laurel Maryland, USA - Mother Teresa best © copyright 2010, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=74493804
By srichinmoy.org - http://www.srichinmoy.org/kind_words/mother_teresa, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33521055
By Kedar Misani - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31493577
By Ariel Quiroz - https://www.flickr.com/photos/vamparaiso/21044406266, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=51052072
By Diego Delso, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33289243
By Manfredo Ferrari - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35010569
By John from Tejas - Mother Teresa altar, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15591291
By Steve Browne & John Verkleir from Chicago, United States - Mother Teresa is dead under this, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15591334
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